Jyotsna Mahant entered active politics in 2019, succeeding her husband Dr. Charan Das Mahant, a senior Congress leader and former Union minister. She won her first parliamentary election that year by defeating the BJP’s Jyoti Nand Dubey by over 26,000 votes. In 2024, she retained her Korba seat, overcoming BJP national general secretary Saroj Pandey by more than 41,000 votes, making Korba the only seat won by Congress in Chhattisgarh during that election cycle.